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Trail:

High Dose

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Scientific papers - High dose - page 9

Acknowledgement

1 express my gratitude to the Murray Trust for their grant support for costs incurred in studying BSE epidemiology/OP usage on farms in Switzerland and France.

References

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2. Purdey M. The UK epidemic of BSE: Slow virus or chronic pesticide initiated modification of the prion protein. (Pts 1 and 2). Med Hypotheses 1996; 46: 429-454.

3. Scharff D M, Sharman G A M, Ludmig P. Illness and death induced by treatments with systemic insecticides for the control of cattle grubs. J Am Vet Med Ass 1962; 141(5): 582-587.

4. Andrews A H. Abnormal reactions and their frequency in cattle following the use of OP warble fly dressings. Vet Record 1981; 109: 171-175.

5. Sergeev GB, Sergeev BM, Nekrasova G N. Influence of phthalophos on water permeability of artificial lipid membranes. Biofizika 1982; 27(3): 548-550.

6. Dedek W, Grahl R, Schmidt RA. A comparative study of guanine N-alkylation in mice in vive, by the OP insecticides trichlorphon, dimethoate, phosmet and bromophos, Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 1984; 53: 104-109.

7.Gabizon R, Prusiner S. Prion liposomes. Biochem J 1990; 266: 1-14.
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9. Good J L, Khurana R K, Mayer R F, Cintra W M, Albuquerque E X. Pathophysiological studies of neuromuscular function in subacute OP poisoning induced by phosmet. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993; 56: 290-294.

10.Johnson M K. Contemporary issues in toxicology. 0Ps and delayed neuropathy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1990; 102(3): 385-399.
11.Dauterman W C. Biological and non biological modifications of OP compounds. Bull WHO 197 1; 44: 133-150.

12. Katz L S, Marquis J K. OP induced alterations in muscarinic receptor binding and phosphoinositide hydrolysis in the human SK-N-SH cell line. Neurotoxicology 1992; 13: 365-378.

13. Becker E L, Koza E P, Sigman M. OP inhibition of lysosomal enzyme secretion from polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Immunology 1978; 35: 373-380.

14.Dealler S. Alkaloidal glycosidase inhibitors as the cause of sporadic scrapie. Med Hypothese 1994; 42: 69-75.

15. Johnson P S, Michaelis E K. OP interactions at the NNIDA receptors in brain synaptic membrane. Mol Pharmacol 1992; 41(4): 750-760.

16.Snyder S H, Bredt D S. Biological roles of nitric oxide. Sci Am 1992; May: 28-35.

17. Matkovics B, Szabo L, Mindszenty L, Ivan J. The effects of OP pesticides on some liver enzymes and lipid peroxidation. Gen Pharmac 1980; ll: 353-355.

18. Stahl N, Baldwin M A, Teplow D B et al. Structural studies of the scrapie prion protein using mass spectrometry and amino acid sequencing. Biochemistry 1993; 32: 1991-2002.

 19. EI-Fawal H AN, Correll L, Gay L, Ehrich M. Protease activity in brain, nerve and muscle of hens given neuropathyinducing 0Ps and a calcium channel blocker. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1990; 103: 133-142.

20. Scifert J, Casida J E. Possible role of micrombules and associated proteases in OP induced delayed neuropathy. Biochern Pharmacol 19U; 31(1l): 2065-2070.

21. Katoh K. A review of the studies of the delayed neurotoxicity induced by OP esters. Sangyo-Eiseigaku-Zasshi 1995; 37(5): 309-319.

22.Lotti M. The pathogenesis of OP polyneuropathy. Crit Rev Toxicol 1992; 21(6): 470-486.

23. Cashman N R, Loertscher R, Nalbantoglu J et al. Cellular isoform of the scrapie agent protein participates in lymphocyte activation. Cell 1990; 61: 185-192.

24. Katsenovich L A, Ruzybakicv R M, Fedorina L A. The T and B systems of immunity in pesticide intoxication sufferers. Gig Tr Prof Zabol 1981; 4: 17-19.

25. Casale G P, Cohen S D, Dicaptia RA. The effects of OP induced stimulation on the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes in inbred mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1983; 68:198-205.

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32.O'Keefe M, Eades J F, Strickland K L. Phosmet residues in milk following treatment of dairy cows for warble fly. J Sci Food Agri 1983; 34: 463-465.

33.Liebisch A. Hypoderma infestation in cattle. The spread and combatting of hypoderma infestation. of cattle in countries of the EEC. VET. Lebliard. Verlag GmbH, Lebliardsweg 2a 7750 Konstartz, Germany, 1988.
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35.O'Keefe M, Eades J F, Strickland K L. Fenthion residues in milk and milk products following treatment of dairy cows for warble fly. J Sci Food Agri 1983; 34: 192-197.
36 Hall R J, Kolbe E. Bioconcentration of OP pesticides to hazardous levels by amphibians. J Toxicol Environ Health 1980;6:853-860.
37 Fleming W J, de Chacin H, Patee 0 H, Lamont T G. Parathion accumulation in cricketfrogs and its effect on American kestrels. J Toxicol Environ Health 1982; 10: 921-927.
38 Hill E F, Mendenhall V M. Secondary poisoning of barn owls with famphur, an OP pesticide. J Wildlife Mgmt 1980; 44:676-681.
39 Buffin D. Death of Swanson hawks in Argentina due to OP pesticide poisoning. Pesticide News 1997; 35(l): 6.
40 Report of the 1976 joint meeting of the FAO panel of experts on pesticide residues and the environment. WHO technical report, 1977 Series No 612. Plant Production and Protection Series No 8, pp 491-533.
41 Kaemmerer K, Buntenkotter S. The problem of residues in meat of edible domestic animals after application or intake of OP esters. Residue Review 1973; 46:1.
42 Pesticides Residues in Food (1994). Report sponsored by FAO and WHO 127:154.
43 Hassall K A. The chemistry of Pesticides. London: Maciffillan Press, 1983.
44 Freed V H, Chiou C T, Schmedding D, Kohnert R. Some physical factors in toxicological assessment tests. Environ Health Perspectives 1979; 30: 75-80.
45 Freed VH, Haque R, Schmedding D, Kohnert R. Physico-chemical properties of some 0Ps in relation to their chronic toxicity. Environ Health Perspectives 1976; 13: 77-8 1.
46 Environmental Health Criteria 63, OP insecticides; a general introduction. Geneva: WHO, 1986.
47 Ecobichon D J, Ozere R L, Reid E, Crocker J F S. Acute fenitrothion poisoning. Can Med Ass J 1977; 116: 377-379.
48 Yamauchi T. Effect of experimental thinness and obesity on the delayed neurotoxicity of the OP pesticide phosvel. Nippon Eiseigakri Zasshi 1980; 35(5): 782-793.
49 Wilesmith J W, Ryan J B M, Atkinson M J. BSE: epidemiological studies on the origin. Vet Record 1991; 128: 199-203.
50 Wilesmith J W, Ryan J B M, Hueston W D. BSE:Case control studies of calf feeding practices and meat and bone meal inclusion in proprietary concentrates. Res Vet Sci 1992; 52:325-331.

51 Goldstem A, Aronow L, Kalman S M.. Principles of Drug Action: Basis of Pharmacology, 2nd edn. Wiley International Edition. New York:John Wiley, 1974.

52 Ackermann H, Engst R. Presence of OP insecticides in the fetus. Arch Toxicol 1970; 26: 17-22.

53 Martson L V, Voronina V M. Experimental study of the effect of a series of phophoro-organic pesticides (Dipterex and Imidan) on embryogenesis. Environ Health Perspectives 74. 1976;13:121-125.

54. Robens J F. Teratogenic activity of several phthalimide de- rivatives in the golden hamster. Toxicol AppI Pharmacol 75. 1970;16:24-34.

55. Knox B, Askaa J, Basse A et al. Congenital ataxia and tremor with cerebellar hypoplasia in piglets born by sows treated with trichlorphon. Nord Vet Med 1978; 30: 538-545.

56. Toia R F, March R B, Umetsa N, Mallipudi N M, Allahyari R, Fukuto T R. Identification and toxicological evaluation of impurities in technical malathion and fenthion. J Ag Food Chem 1980;28:599-604.

57. Ackermann H, Faust H, Kagan Y S, Voronina V H. Metabolic and toxic behaviours of phthalimide derivatives in albino rat. Arch Toxicol 1978; 40: 255-261.

58. Chemnitius J M, Zech R. Inhibition of brain carboxylesterase by neurotoxic and non-nenrotoxic OP compounds. Mol Pharmacol 1983; 23: 717-723.

59. Viana G B, Davis L H, Kariffinan F C. Effects of OP and nerve growth factor on muscarinic receptor binding number in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1988;93:257-266.

60. Jerkins A A, Katiftman F C. Effects of soman on neuritic outgrowth and substrate utilisation by explants of the superior cervical ganglion. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1984; 75: 240-245.

61. Tuler S M, Bowen J M. Toxic effects of 0Ps on nerve cell growth and ultrastructure in culture. J Toxicol Environ Health 1989;27:209-223.

62.Russell R W, Overstreet D H. Mechanisms underlying sensitivity to OP compounds. Prog Neurobiol 1987; 28: 97-129.

63. Katiffinan F G, Davis L 1I, Whittaker M. Activation of glycogen phosphorylase in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and isolated hepatocytes by OPs. Biochem Pharmacol 1990; 39(2): 347-354.

64. Gant D G, Eldefrawi ME, Eldefrawi AT. Action of OP on GABA receptors and voltage-dependent chloride channels. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1987; 4: 698-704.

65. Walenga R, Vanderhoek J Y, Feinstein M B. Serine esterase inhibitors block stimulus induced mobilization of arachidonic acid and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C activity in platelets. J Biol Chern 1980; 255(13): 6024-6027.

66. Davies D E B, Holub B J. Comparative effects of OP insecticides on the activities of acetylcholinesterase, diacy1glycerol kinase and phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase in rat brain microsomes. Pesticide Biochem Physiol 1983; 20: 92-99.

67. Mckinley M P, Longo F M, Valletta J S et al. Nerve growth factor induces gene expression of the prion protein and amyloid protein precursor in the developing hamster central nervous system. Progr Brain Res 1990; 86(19): 227-237.

68. Stahl N, Borchelt D R, Prusiner S B. Differential release of cellular and scrapie PrP from cellular membranes by Pl specific phospholipase C. Biochem 1990; 29: 5405-5412.

69.Fetcher A. Suspected dimethoate toxicity in cattle. Mod Vet Pract 1984; 65(4): 283-285.

70. De Reuck J, Colardyn J B, Willems J. Fatal encephalopathy in acute poisonings with OP insecticides. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1979; 81(4): 249-254.

71. Stahl N, Borchelt D R, Hsiao K, Prusiner S B. Scrapie prion protein contains a phosphatidylinositoiglycolipid. Cell 1987; 51:229-240.

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91. Kiraly J, Szentesi 1, Ruzicska M, Czeize A. Chromosome studies in workers producing OP insecticides. Arch Environ Contarn Toxicol 1979; 8: 309-319.

92. Slamenova D, Dusinska M, Gabelova A, Bohusova T, Ruppova K. Decerntione-induced single strand breaks to human DNA, mutations at the hgprt locus of V79 cells, and morphological transformations of embryo cells. Environ Mol Mutagen 1992; 20: 73-78.

93. VIckova V, Miadokova E, Podstavkova S, VIcek D. Mutagenie activity of phosmet. Mutation Research 1993; 302(3): 153-156.

94. Kurinnyi A 1. Comparative study of the cytogenetic effect of certain OP pesticides. Genetika 1975; 11 (12): 64-69.

95. Salmanova D V, Nikitin A M, Zhuze A L, Gurskii G V, Zesedatelev A S. Interaction of synthetic ligands containing NA-disubstituted mono- and diphthalimide with DNA. Mol Biol Mosk 1995; 29(4): 848-861.

96. Hall 1 H, Wong 0 T, Scovill JP. The cytotoxicity of Npyridinyl and N-quinolinyl substituted derivates of phthalimide and succinimide. Biomed Pharmacother 1995; 5: 251-258.

97. Crombie T, Swaffield J C, Brown A JP. Protein folding within the cell is influenced by controlled rates of polypeptide elongation. J Mol Biol 1992; 228: 7-12.

98. Dallocchio F, Matteuzzi, Bellini T. Non enzymic protein phosphorylation. Biochem J 1982; 203: 401~404.
99. Wali R K. Subchronic malathion treatment effects upon rat intestinal function. Bull Environ Toxicol 1984; 33: 289-294.
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101.Dambska M. Blood brain barrier in young rabbit brain after dichlorvos intoxication. Neuropatol Pol 1984; 22: 129-137.

102. Clouscard C, Schelcher F, Beaudry P et al. Different allelic effects of the codons 136-171 of the prion protein gene in sheep with natural scrapie. J Gen Virol 1995; 76(8): 2097-2101.

103. Kurian SS, Ferri G L, De Mey J, Polak J M. Immunocytochemistry of serotonin containing nerves in the human gut. Histochernistry 1983; 78: 523-529.

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